Android Operating System Development
Android Operating System Development
Android Operating System development from start to finish is highly requested information. Android is a Linux-based operating system with open source code and licensed under APACHE 2.0 which is designed for various touch screen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.. According to GlobalStats StatCounter, Android has a global market share of 72%, clearly surpassing iOS which is only 26.75%.
Therefore, the history of the Android version order from the first release to the last is always interesting to discuss. This is because many people are interested in what the Android operating system was like when it was first launched and the evolution of Android features from the past until now.
Android Advantages and Disadvantages
android operating system
Android has its own advantages and disadvantages compared to other operating systems, here are the advantages and disadvantages of the Android OS.Android advantages
1. It is an Open Source Operating System
Anyone can use it for free. It is easy for developers or developers to optimize and develop this OS for the smartphones they make.2. Prices vary
Some are quite affordable, some have a high selling price. So, Android smartphones can reach all circles. However, the higher the price, the more capable the specifications.3. Has Many Application Support
This is also inseparable from the nature of Android which is an Open Source operating system. Developers are also allowed to develop applications based on the source code of Android.Therefore, if you go to the Play Store, you will find thousands of applications that suit the needs of users.
4. Easy to modify
There are many components that you can reset or modify, from ROMs to custom overclocks on the operating system. This can affect the performance of Android-based smart phones so that they can work faster and as desired.Android Disadvantages
1. The system work is quite heavy
This causes a lot of memory needed, both RAM and ROM. For smartphones that have small capacity RAM and ROM, of course this will hamper their performance.2. Modification results often cause the system to work unstable and less than optimal
Sometimes the results of modifications cause the OS to be a little slow and less responsive. Later, it can affect the hardware so that it heats up quickly and memory capacity leaks more easily.3. Less responsive when juxtaposed with poor hardware specifications
This happens when the RAM storage capacity or processor speed used is low.The following is the order of Android versions from oldest to newest until now:
1. Android 1.0 (Alpha)
Android 1.0 codenamed Alpha was the first version of Android released by Google and OHA (Open Handset Alliance) on September 23, 2008. The first commercial version of the Android operating system was released to the public and will be installed on HTC phones. This initial build includes the core features of Android 1.0 Alpha, such as the Gmail app, Google Talk, YouTube, and more.
Android Market is for downloading and updating applications. There are also browser tools for viewing, zooming, and viewing information on HTML and XHTML web pages. The notification bar can also appear in the status bar. Users can also set ringtone, screen brightness and vibration sound. Smartphones with Android 1.0 Alpha can also connect to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
2. Android 1.1 (Beta)
Android 1.1 was released on February 9, 2009. This update was originally intended for HTC Dream phones only. This latest version of Android fixes bugs in the alpha version, changes the Android API and adds several new features. A new Android beta feature allows users to search Google Maps for information and reviews about business locations.
Android Beta OS can also show and hide the call button. For those of you who like to send emails, this latest version of Android can save message attachments. Android 1.1 supports marquee or HTML programs to move text.
3. Android 1.5 (Cupcakes)
Android 1.5 was the first version of Android to use the name Cupcake. Food names in the Android version should make it easier to remember the order in the Android version. This version uses the name Cupcake and was officially released on April 27, 2009. Android Cupcake uses the Linux kernel 2.6.27.
Changes in this version of Android are quite large, because the user interface has also changed. Android 1.5 Cupcake supports third-party virtual keyboards, can display widgets, play and record videos in MPEG-format
and 3GP, connect A2DP and AVRCP Bluetooth audio, upload videos to YouTube and more.
4. Android 1.6 (Donuts)
An Android 1.6 version called Donut was released on September 15, 2009. This Android version was released based on the Linux kernel 2.6.29. Some of the interesting features of this new Android series include: Advanced text and speech search options, Android Market has an app snippet feature and support for a multilingual synthesis engine so that apps can speak text.
Android Donut also integrates a camera and gallery for faster access to photos and videos. The Android interface also allows users to delete multiple photos. Android 1.6 Donut also supports devices with WVGA screen resolution.
5. Android 2.0 - 2.1 (Eclair)
The latest version of Android named Eclair was released with Linux kernel version 2.6.29. Improved account sync, allowing users to add accounts to email and phone contacts. Bluetooth 2.1 support is also available. The Android version of the Eclair already supports new camera features such as flash, digital zoom, and macro mode.
Overall, Android Eclair optimizes software speed and UI changes. The user interface is now adapted for larger screens and resolutions. Advanced MotionEvent functionality is available to track multi-touch activity on touchscreens.
6. Android 2.2 (Frozen Yogurt - Froyo)
Android version 2.2, called Frozen Yogurt, includes the base Linux kernel version 2.6.32. Android Froyo improves USB sharing and WiFi hotspot functionality. It is possible to disable data transmission on the mobile network. Then the Android Market app adds features that are updated automatically.
This innovative feature of this version of Android enables Bluetooth support in the car. Android Froyo can display animated GIFs and download files in a browser application. There is also support for installing apps on external storage. Android 2.2 also supports Adobe Flash.
7. Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)
Android 2.3 Gingerbread is the moment where many smartphones with the Android operating system were released. This operating system was released on December 6, 2010 with a Linux kernel based on version 2.6.35. Google improved the user interface design, increasing the efficiency and simplicity of the screen.
The operating system also has VoIP support, NFC, multiple cameras, and gyro and barometric sensors. Android Gingerbread also has strong acceleration which can handle apps that are running too long.
8. Android 3.0 - 3.2 (Honeycomb)
Android Honeycomb was released on February 22, 2011 specifically for tablets. The operating system has optimized tablet support with an intuitive virtual user interface. The operating system also adds a system tray for quick access to notifications, status, and navigation buttons at the bottom of the screen.
The latest apps feature in the system tray allows users to see the apps that are running behind the scenes. The keyboard has been redesigned to allow users to type faster on large screens. Android Honeycomb offers support for multi-core processors and encryption of user data.
9. Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
Android Ice Cream Sandwich introduces Honeycomb Android OS navigation buttons. Launcher is customizable. You can also separate widgets into new tabs to clean up your screen. In this version of Android, users can take screenshots of the phone screen by pressing the power button and volume down button simultaneously.
Ice Cream Sandwich OS also supports facial recognition. Users can unlock the screen with their face. This new operating system feature allows users to limit data usage and disable apps that use data in the background.
10. Android 4.1 – 4.3 (Jelly Bean)
Android Jelly Bean was officially released by Google on June 27, 2012. This version of Android improves the functionality and performance of the user interface quite significantly. Also supports frame rates up to 60 fps for a smoother UI. The Android framework manages the vsync timing of UI animations to display subtle touch effects.
Android Jelly Bean can disable certain app notifications. You can customize the interface layout and set the size of shortcuts and widgets. Improvements to the Android version of Jelly Bean including voice search and camera apps.
11. Android 4.4 (KitKat)
KitKat was first released on September 3, 2013. It was originally called Key Lime Pie, but was later changed to Fullscreen. All notification bars are hidden to make the book look full. Android
also have better system performance. The touch screen responds more quickly. The phone app can prioritize contacts based on the people they call the most.
12. Android 5.0 (Lollipop)
Android 5.0 Lollipop also known as Android L, was released on June 25, 201The user interface design goes by the name "Material Design". Responsive grid-based UI design, animations and transitions. The screen also has highlights and shadows which make it more attractive.
Android Lollipop comes with Project Volta support which is useful for extending battery life by up to 30%. It also has a factory reset protection feature, so if the smartphone is lost, the device cannot be reset without entering the Google username and password.
13. Android 6.0 (Marshmallow)
Android Marshmallow gets a new look. Once the app is installed, it is not automatically granted access to all permissions. User can grant or deny permission for each installed app.
Android Marshmallow has a powerful management pattern called doze. This system can reduce applications in the background so that it does not consume battery or quota. The operating system is also equipped with fingerprint recognition for screen unlocking and Play Store authentication.
14. Android 7.0 - 7.1 (Nougat)
Android Nougat, also known as Android N, is a major release from Google. The latest version of the Android OS was released in preview mode for developers on March 9, 2016. This latest beta program allows supported devices to update to the Android Over The Air (OTA) version.
The latest official Android Nougat release was released on August 22, 2016. This 13th version of the Android series includes features featuring color calibration, screen zooming, and app switching by pressing the Recent Apps button. Users can also delete all apps from recent apps.
15. Android 8.0 - 8.1 (Oreo)
The next Android is Android 8.0 Oreo, released in August 2017. Project Treble has a modular architecture that makes it easy and fast for device manufacturers to deliver Android updates.
Android Oreo also adds the ability to install apps from unknown sources. According to Google, the performance of Android Oreo is said to be 2 times faster than OS Nougat. For security, Oreo has a Google Play Protect feature that protects apps in the app store.
16. Android 9 (Pie)
Android 9 Pie is the 15th order of Android which was first released on August 6, 2018. This version of Android has the Adaptive Battery feature, which can adjust the performance and behavior of battery-consuming programs. . . In addition, it also has an Adaptive Brightness feature that can adjust the screen brightness to save battery.
Android Pie also offers gesture functionality to switch between apps. There is a dedicated dashboard that lets you know which apps are used the most. You can also limit the search time.
17. Android 10 (Android Q)
Android 10 was first released on September 3, 2019. A month before its release, Google announced that the latest version of Android 2019 will no longer use the name sweets and desserts as before. But internally, Android 10 is dubbed Android Quince Tart.
Android 10 has auto captions that can add subtitles to recorded videos or podcasts without needing to be connected to a Wi-Fi or cellular network. Users also get suggestions for replying to messages and app actions right from the notification bar.
18. Android 11 (Red Velvet Cake)
Android 17 is Android 11. This Android version with the food name (internal version) Red Velvet Cake was officially released on September 8, 2020. The Android 11 OS can group applications in notification mode. For example, all messaging apps connect to chat notifications.
Android 11 has a bubble feature that lets you continue a conversation after using another app. Chat easier to use anytime, anywhere. Android 11 also has a built-in screen recording feature. There is also a one-time permission feature for apps that request access.
19. Android 12 (Snow Cone)
Android 12 finally uses the sweet food name again, namely Snow Cone. Android version 12 was first released on
October 2021. This latest version of the Android series includes a major update to Material Design, later called "Material You".
The operating system can automatically create color themes for system menus and supported applications using the user's background image. Android 12 also includes a feature to take screenshots of the full or scrolling web view. Users can also prevent apps from using apps and microphone via Quick Settings.
20. Android 13 (Tiramisu)
Android 13 is the 20th version of the Android operating system. The Android 13 operating system was first launched on February 10, 2022. This latest Android series was released about a month after the release of the stable version of Android 12. Android 13 focuses on improving the features of Android 12L, optimizing privacy, security and user interface.
Android 13 has a new photo selection feature. This feature allows you to specify specific photos or videos that can be shared with the app. Unlike the previous version, which gives access to all the photos and videos in the library. On Android 13, users can also customize app icons with the same color theme or wallpaper.
This is the order of Android from the beginning to the end of 2022. The Android version always gets an update once a year. Each update brings interesting features. Buy the latest Android operating system phone from Bhinneka.